API

Paracetamol, codeine phosphate, caffeine

Drug classification

Dosage form

Tablet

API strength per dosage

Paracetamol 450mg Codeine phosphate 10mg Caffeine…

Dose

Mechanism of action

Paracetamol inhibits central cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Codeine is a μ-opioid receptor agonist, producing analgesia via G-protein-coupled receptor activation. Caffeine antagonizes adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, enhancing neurotransmitter release and analgesic efficacy. Combined, these actions result in synergistic central analgesia.

Indications

Moderate to severe pain, headache, migraine, dental pain, musculoskeletal pain, postoperative pain, dysmenorrhea, neuralgia.

Side effects

Pregnancy category

Precautions

Hepatic impairment, renal impairment, respiratory depression, history of substance abuse, concurrent CNS depressants, pregnancy, breastfeeding, children under 12 years, risk of dependence, chronic use, head injury, acute abdominal conditions, elderly, hypersensitivity to ingredients, avoid alcohol, monitor for overdose symptoms.

Contraindications