Topic overview

Start with the big picture

Mineral roles range from structural support to enzyme activity and fluid regulation. Calcium and phosphorus contribute to bone, while calcium also supports muscle and nerve function and blood clotting. Magnesium participates in enzyme activity and ATP handling. Sodium, potassium, and chloride help regulate fluid balance and electrical activity. Trace elements also have distinct functions: iron is part of hemoglobin and other proteins, zinc supports enzyme systems and wound healing, copper contributes to iron transport, and iodine is needed for thyroid hormone synthesis. Dietary sources include foods such as dairy, legumes, nuts, vegetables, seafood, meat, and fortified products; the sources differ by mineral. The deeper lesson organizes these minerals individually and connects their functions and sources with interactions, pathways, and clinical considerations.