Disorders: Metabolic/Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Start with the big picture
The lesson covers normal ABG ranges and a systematic approach to identifying the primary acid-base disturbance. Metabolic acidosis is considered through its possible mechanisms and anion-gap assessment, with Winter’s formula used to estimate respiratory compensation; delta-gap and osmolar-gap calculations provide additional context. Metabolic alkalosis and its respiratory compensation are also addressed. For respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, the lesson distinguishes acute or chronic patterns and explains renal compensation. It also introduces mixed disorders, clinical consequences of severe pH disturbances, and treatment principles. The goal is to connect measured pH, HCO₃⁻, and PaCO₂ values with the underlying disturbance and the body’s expected response.
What you'll learn
- Interpret pH, HCO₃⁻, and PaCO₂ to identify a primary acid-base disturbance.
- Describe mechanisms and anion-gap assessment in metabolic acidosis.
- Use compensation rules to evaluate metabolic and respiratory disorders.
- Recognize when measured values suggest a mixed acid-base disorder.
- Identify clinical consequences associated with severe acidosis and alkalosis.
Continue your study
Work through the complete notes and reinforce the topic with the study tools available in the full lesson.
