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Biochemistry Vitamins

Functions, Dietary Sources, Coenzyme Forms

Topic overview

Start with the big picture

The lesson surveys vitamins A, D, E, and K alongside the B vitamins and vitamin C. It connects vitamin functions to processes such as vision, bone mineralization, antioxidant protection, blood-clotting factor modification, energy metabolism, amino acid reactions, and collagen formation. Dietary sources range from liver, dairy, fish, and animal products to grains, legumes, leafy or yellow-green vegetables, fruits, nuts, and oils. For vitamins that act through coenzymes, the topic identifies forms including TPP, FMN and FAD, NAD⁺ and NADP⁺, CoA, PLP, biocytin, THF, and cobalamins. It also distinguishes vitamins whose listed roles do not involve a coenzyme form.

Learning objectives

What you'll learn

  • Distinguish fat-soluble vitamins from water-soluble vitamins.
  • Relate each vitamin to its principal biochemical or physiological functions.
  • Identify dietary sources associated with the vitamins covered.
  • Match B-vitamin functions with their coenzyme forms where applicable.
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