vomiting and diarrhea
Start with the big picture
Assessment begins with clinical signs such as prolonged capillary refill, sunken eyes, low blood pressure, and reduced urine output. Dehydration is classified as absent, some, or severe; that classification helps guide fluid management. Oral rehydration solution is a key approach for mild-to-moderate dehydration, while severe dehydration or intractable vomiting may require intravenous fluids. The topic also covers red flags for urgent referral, antiemetics and anti-diarrheal agents, and circumstances in which antimicrobial therapy may be considered. Supportive measures include pediatric zinc supplementation, attention to electrolytes when losses are prolonged or comorbidities are present, early return to an age-appropriate diet, and review of medicines that may contribute to symptoms.
What you'll learn
- Recognize clinical signs used to assess dehydration.
- Distinguish no, some, and severe dehydration to inform fluid management.
- Identify features and patient groups requiring urgent referral.
- Describe the roles of symptom-control medicines and supportive care.
- Explain when electrolyte monitoring and medication review may be appropriate.
Continue your study
Work through the complete notes and reinforce the topic with the study tools available in the full lesson.
