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Babesiosis is transmitted primarily by Ixodes scapularis ticks, with transmission concentrated in the Northeast and Midwest during June through August; infection can also follow transfusion. Asplenia, older age, HIV, malignancy, and immunosuppressive therapy are among the risk factors for severe illness. Common findings include fever, chills, fatigue, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, while serious cases may involve organ complications. Diagnosis relies on blood-smear assessment and PCR, with antibody testing as supportive evidence. Treatment choices vary with disease severity and patient factors, and some patients require prolonged therapy or exchange transfusion. The full lesson also addresses adverse effects and monitoring, coinfections, prevention, and public-health considerations.