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Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative diplococcus with substantial resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides; rising ceftriaxone MICs also make resistance surveillance important. Infection may involve the urethra, cervix, rectum, pharynx, or conjunctiva, and can lead to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, disseminated infection, and neonatal ophthalmia. Nucleic acid amplification testing is the preferred diagnostic method, while culture is important when treatment fails or susceptibility testing is needed. Management varies with infection site and clinical circumstances, including pregnancy, severe beta-lactam allergy, and disseminated disease. Follow-up testing, partner treatment, prevention counseling, and public-health reporting support effective care.