Topic overview

Start with the big picture

Anatomical study spans multiple scales and purposes. Gross anatomy examines structures visible to the naked eye, using regional, systemic, and surface approaches. Microscopic anatomy studies tissues and cells; cytology focuses specifically on individual cells and their organelles. Developmental anatomy follows structural change from fertilization to birth, while comparative anatomy considers human form alongside other species. Other branches emphasize particular questions or settings: neuroanatomy examines the nervous system, functional anatomy relates structures to movement, and topographic anatomy maps relationships within body regions. Surface, living, cross-sectional, and radiologic anatomy support the study of structures through examination or imaging. Clinical and surgical anatomy apply structural knowledge to disease, diagnosis, therapy, and operative practice; pathological anatomy considers disease-related structural changes.