Human Pathology Gastrointestinal Pathology

Liver Pathology: Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Tumors

Topic overview

Start with the big picture

The lesson surveys hepatitis A and E, B, C, and D, emphasizing differences in transmission, chronic infection, serologic clues, and important complications. It also covers autoimmune and drug-induced hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and NAFLD. The cirrhosis section links bridging fibrosis and regenerative nodules with portal hypertension and impaired synthetic function, including common clinical consequences and signs of decompensation. Finally, the topic introduces benign liver tumors and malignant tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma and other named tumor types. Together, these themes provide a framework for recognizing how etiology, disease course, and structural changes shape liver pathology.

Learning objectives

What you'll learn

  • Compare viral hepatitis types by transmission, chronicity, markers, and complications.
  • Identify key features of autoimmune, drug-induced, alcoholic, and metabolic liver injury.
  • Explain how cirrhosis relates to portal hypertension and impaired liver function.
  • Distinguish major benign and malignant liver tumor categories.
  • Recognize the causes and associated features of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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