Naming and Preparing Alky Halides
Start with the big picture
IUPAC names use fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, and iodo- prefixes, with numbering chosen to give halogens low locants and alphabetic ordering when multiple halogens are present. Common names use an alkyl group followed by the halide name. Classification as primary, secondary, or tertiary depends on how many carbon groups are attached to the carbon bearing the halogen. Preparation methods include radical halogenation of alkanes, additions to alkenes, and conversion of alcohols to halides. These approaches differ in selectivity and may involve mixtures, rearrangements, or inversion of configuration. Halide exchange and other specialized methods provide additional choices. Selecting a route depends on the substrate, desired halogen, stereochemical outcome, and functional-group tolerance.
What you'll learn
- Apply basic IUPAC and common naming conventions to alkyl halides.
- Classify alkyl halides by substitution at the carbon bearing the halogen.
- Compare alkane and alkene halogenation routes and their selectivity.
- Describe methods for converting alcohols to alkyl halides.
- Relate substrate and stereochemical considerations to preparation-method choice.
Continue your study
Work through the complete notes and reinforce the topic with the study tools available in the full lesson.
