Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pharmaceutical Formulation and Development

Dosage Forms: Solids, Liquids, Semi-Solids

Topic overview

Start with the big picture

Solid forms such as tablets, capsules, powders, and granules are valued for dose accuracy, stability, and convenient handling. Excipients and granulation help address properties such as flow, compression, and drug release, while quality attributes guide evaluation. Liquid forms—including solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, and elixirs—can offer flexible dosing, but formulation must address solubility, preservation, redispersibility, and emulsion stability. The lesson also introduces semi-solid dosage forms, their routes, bases, and rheological properties. Across these categories, formulation decisions connect the physical behavior of a product with its use and quality.

Learning objectives

What you'll learn

  • Distinguish common solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms.
  • Describe the roles of key excipients in solid formulations.
  • Explain how granulation supports solid-formulation properties.
  • Identify formulation challenges involving solubility, preservation, and physical stability.
  • Relate semi-solid bases and rheological properties to dosage-form design.
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