Pharmaceutics Aerosols and Inhalation Dosage Forms

Propellants and Formulation Considerations

Topic overview

Start with the big picture

Aerosol propellants do more than push contents from a container: they can support atomization and influence droplet size, pressure, and spray uniformity. The lesson compares solution-based, suspension-based, and emulsion-based systems, including the need for drug solubility in a solution and shaking before use for suspensions. It also considers co-solvents and other additives used to support formulation stability and delivery. Propellant and container compatibility matters, with container materials selected to help mitigate corrosion. Testing covers dose uniformity and spray characteristics alongside compatibility. These considerations connect formulation design with a product’s consistent performance, safety, effectiveness, and acceptability.

Learning objectives

What you'll learn

  • Describe how propellants expel and disperse aerosol formulations.
  • Distinguish solution-, suspension-, and emulsion-based aerosol systems.
  • Explain how co-solvents and additives can support formulation stability and delivery.
  • Identify compatibility, stability, and performance considerations for aerosol containers and formulations.
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