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Hard gelatin capsules have a two-piece body-and-cap shell and can hold powders, granules, pellets, or mini-tablets; liquid fills require additional measures such as sealing or use of absorbent carriers. Their fill weight depends on factors including bulk density and tamping depth. Soft gelatin capsules are formed, filled, and sealed in a continuous rotary-die process, making them suitable for oils and other liquid or suspension-based fills. Modified-release designs use coated units, multiparticulates, or shell coatings to achieve patterns such as enteric, sustained, or pulsatile release. Across these types, shell properties, excipients, storage conditions, and quality checks influence product integrity and performance.