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Shade drying is suited to delicate flowers and leaves rich in volatile oils, while sun drying offers a low-cost option for hardier roots, barks, and seeds but carries risks from light and contamination. Controlled hot-air or tray drying supports uniform processing; oven drying can speed suitable materials but should be avoided for heat-labile constituents. Vacuum and freeze drying provide alternatives when preserving sensitive constituents is important. After drying, moisture targets help limit mold and caking, and suitable size reduction and protective packaging prepare materials for storage. Environmental controls, pest and microbial management, stability checks, and clear labeling support preservation and traceability. The full lesson compares these methods and explains how to select and manage them.