Topic overview

Start with the big picture

Precision phytotherapy draws on complementary technologies to characterize both the patient and the herbal product. Pharmacogenomics examines how genetic variation in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters may affect herb response and herb–drug interactions. Chemotyping and botanical authentication help ensure that selected materials have appropriate composition and identity, while metabolomics and microbiome analysis can illuminate changes in metabolism and constituent bioavailability. The approach also encompasses epigenetic and dietary data, computational analysis, and monitoring through biosensors or wearables. Formulation technologies, including targeted delivery systems and customized dosage forms, offer further ways to address variability. Together, these methods aim to align herbal interventions with individual needs, supported by attention to clinical evidence, regulation, and risk management.