Topic overview

Start with the big picture

Asthma and COPD pharmacotherapy draws on short- and long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, combination inhalers, and selected add-on treatments. Their roles are not interchangeable: for example, long-acting beta agonists may be used alone in COPD but should not be used alone in asthma, while inhaled corticosteroids are central to persistent asthma management. Treatment also differs by clinical context, including stable disease, COPD exacerbations, and severe acute asthma. The topic reviews guideline-based approaches alongside adverse effects and precautions, such as mood or liver concerns with some leukotriene modifiers and risks associated with prolonged systemic corticosteroid use. Smoking cessation and vaccination are included as adjuncts to medication-based care.