Introduction to Antipsychotics
Start with the big picture
First-generation (typical) antipsychotics predominantly block dopamine D2 receptors, while second-generation (atypical) agents block D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Positive symptoms generally respond best; serotonergic modulation may also benefit some negative and cognitive symptoms. Treatment effects take time to develop, and therapy duration is considered in relation to the clinical course. Important safety topics include extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia associated with D2 blockade, as well as metabolic effects, hyperprolactinemia, QT prolongation, and rare neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The overview also highlights clozapine’s role in refractory schizophrenia and its serious risks, along with the increased mortality warning for use in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis.
What you'll learn
- Distinguish typical from atypical antipsychotics by their receptor-blocking actions.
- Identify common clinical indications for antipsychotic therapy.
- Relate dopamine pathway blockade to extrapyramidal symptoms and hyperprolactinemia.
- Recognize major metabolic, cardiac, and serious safety concerns.
- Summarize clozapine’s role and key monitoring considerations.
Continue your study
Work through the complete notes and reinforce the topic with the study tools available in the full lesson.
