Topic overview

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NSAIDs include nonselective agents that inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2, COX-2-selective inhibitors, and aspirin, which irreversibly inhibits COX. Reduced prostaglandin synthesis supports analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects, while inhibition of protective COX-1 activity contributes to gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. The topic also examines cardiovascular risk, effects on platelet function, respiratory hypersensitivity, salicylate toxicity, and Reye syndrome. Clinical considerations include notable properties of indomethacin, ketorolac, and meloxicam; interactions with other medicines; pregnancy precautions; and contraindications. Understanding these distinctions helps connect NSAID mechanism and drug class with their therapeutic effects and potential harms.