Topic overview

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Hormonal agents can reduce hormone production, block receptors, or change receptor activity. In estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer, SERMs such as tamoxifen block estrogen effects in breast tissue, while fulvestrant promotes receptor degradation and aromatase inhibitors reduce peripheral estrogen synthesis. Prostate cancer therapies include androgen-receptor antagonists, the androgen-biosynthesis inhibitor abiraterone, and GnRH agents that suppress testosterone; GnRH agonists can cause an initial hormonal flare, unlike the antagonist degarelix. Corticosteroids and other hormonal approaches also have roles in selected cancers. Across these classes, adverse effects differ and can influence monitoring and combination strategies. The deeper lesson organizes these agents by mechanism and clinical use, with attention to characteristic risks and key treatment distinctions.