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Malaria is transmitted mainly when an infected female Anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites. These travel to the liver, where they multiply before releasing merozoites that infect red blood cells and cause symptoms. Transmission can also occur through transfusion, shared needles, or from mother to child. Prevention combines measures such as insecticide-treated bed nets and repellents with chemoprophylaxis selected according to local chloroquine resistance and individual factors, including G6PD status. Treatment varies with severity and species: uncomplicated infections have different options from severe malaria, for which intravenous artesunate is preferred. P. vivax and P. ovale can form dormant liver stages, so preventing relapse requires additional consideration. Monitoring for treatment-related complications is also part of managing severe cases.