Inorganic pyrophosphate mimics
Start with the big picture
Foscarnet (phosphonoformate) binds the pyrophosphate-binding site of viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase, preventing pyrophosphate cleavage from nucleotide substrates and stopping viral DNA chain elongation. Because it does not require phosphorylation by viral kinases, it can be useful against certain TK- or UL97-mutant viruses. Its spectrum includes HSV, VZV, CMV, HHV-6, and HIV; key uses include ganciclovir-resistant CMV retinitis and acyclovir-resistant HSV or VZV. Foscarnet is given intravenously and requires attention to renal function, hydration, infusion rate, and electrolyte monitoring. Important risks include nephrotoxicity and electrolyte disturbances that may contribute to seizures or cardiac effects. The deeper lesson also covers interactions, resistance, and special handling considerations.
What you'll learn
- Explain how foscarnet inhibits viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase.
- Describe why kinase-independent activation matters for resistant viruses.
- Identify foscarnet’s spectrum and key clinical uses.
- Recognize major renal, electrolyte, and infusion-related safety concerns.
Continue your study
Work through the complete notes and reinforce the topic with the study tools available in the full lesson.
